Formulation of organic liquid fertilizers and their effects on germination of selected seeds and growth and yield of chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Abstract

The present study was aimed to formulate organic liquid fertilizers using banana pseudostem and to assess their potential use in the germination of selected seeds (i.e., chilli, curry chilli, lettuce, and water spinach), and growth and yield of chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.), in combination with either organic (cattle manure - CM) or inorganic fertilizers (IF). The formulations were banana pseudostem extract with decomposed solution (banana formulation- BF) and banana pseudostem extract with 2% Panchagavya (BP). The nutrient content (NPK) of formulations were analyzed. In the germination test, control (distilled water T1) was compared with BF (T2) and BP (T3). The pot experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with six treatments and four replicates. The treatments were T1 (100% IF), T2 (100% CM), T3 (50% IF + 50% BF), T4 (50% CM + 50% BF), T5 (50% IF + 50% BP) and T6 (50% CM + 50% BP). The liquid formulations were applied at the rate of 250 Lha-1. Growth parameters namely the number of leaves per plant, plant height and yield were measured. Results of nutrient analysis of formulations indicate that BF had 365 ppm N, 1320 ppm P, and 8097 ppm K, while BP had 601 ppm N, 1930 ppm P, and 8619 ppm K. The results indicated that the highest germination percentage was recorded in T2 (BF) in all selected seeds. Vigour index was higher in T2 (BF) and T3 (BP) treatments than in the control. Significant differences among treatments in plant height of chilli were only observed at the second and sixth week. However, the number of leaves showed significant differences during the second, fourth and sixth weeks. Among the treatments, the highest yield was recorded in T6. Moreover, all foliar treatments T3, T4, T5, and T6 performed better than T1.