Morphometric and meristic characterization of Phlebotomus argentipes species complex in northern Sri Lanka: Evidence for the presence of potential leishmaniasis vectors in the country

Abstract

The transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is of public health concern in Sri Lanka. The parasite Leishmania donovani is reported to be the causative agent for CL in Sri Lanka. However there is no report on the vector of CL in the country. Phlebotomus argentipes sensu lato is the well known vector of L. donovani which causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the nearby South India. The taxon Ph. argentipes previously reported to occur as a species complex comprising of two morphospecies namely A and B. The taxonomy of the Argentipes complex was reassessed recently and reported to have three species viz. Phlebotomus glaucus, Ph. argentipes sensu stricto and Ph. annandalei. A study was carried out in Jaffna mainland, where three CL patients have been recorded, and two associated islands in northern Sri Lanka to record the presence of the members of the Argentipes complex. Sandflies were collected using human landing and cattle baited collections. Collected samples were analyzed based on reported morphometric and meristic characteristics. The study revealed the presence of all three members of the complex in which Ph. glaucus and Ph. argentipes s.s. are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka.